An SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) is a documented work instruction that describes how a task is performed correctly: steps, responsibility, equipment and critical control points. SOPs are the backbone of quality management and a basic requirement in ISO 9001 contexts.
The difference between an SOP that works and one that gathers dust: the effective ones are short, visual, placed at the point of use and written with those who do the work. The dead ones are long text documents in a folder system no one opens.
The SOP documents the standard; standard work is the practice. Paper without trained behaviour is compliance theatre.