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Prozanta Template

A3 problem-solving

Structured problem-solving on a single page

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How to use this template

An A3 is Toyota's method for getting an entire problem — background, analysis, solution and follow-up — to fit on a single sheet (A3 size). The pressure to be concise forces you to understand the problem before you jump to solutions. The A3 is both a working document and a dialogue tool.

When do you use it?

For larger or recurring problems that require analysis and several people involved — too complex for a single 5 Why, but scoped enough for one sheet.

Time & rhythm

Filled in over several days as you investigate. The left side (problem + analysis) before the right side (solution) — never fill in the solution first.

Step by step

  1. Background: why is the problem important to solve now?
  2. Current state: describe it with facts and figures — go to the gemba.
  3. Target state: what is the concrete, measurable goal?
  4. Root cause: find the cause with 5 Why or a fishbone.
  5. Countermeasures: what do you do, and why exactly that?
  6. Plan, verification and standardisation: who does what when — and did it work?

Watch out

  • Fill in the left side (understanding) before the right (solution) — that's the whole point.
  • Use facts from the gemba, not assumptions from the meeting room.
  • The A3 is owned by one person, but built in dialogue with those who know the process.

Example

A good A3 can be read in five minutes and tells a coherent story: "Here's the problem, here's why, here's what we're doing, and this is how we'll know if it works."

Method: Toyota; cf. John Shook, “Managing to Learn” (2008).

Read: Quality systems that work →

1. Background

Why is this problem important to solve now?

2. Current state

Describe the problem with data and facts

What is happening?

KPI impact

Chart / process flow

[ Diagram / Sketch ]

3. Target state

Goal (specific and measurable)

Deadline

4. Root cause analysis

5 Why — dig to the real cause

Why 1
Why 2
Why 3
Why 4
Why 5

Root Cause:

5. Countermeasures

ActionOwnerDate

6. Implementation plan

Resources / budget

Risks

Communication to the team

7. Verification of effect

Before (baseline)

After (result)

Did we hit the goal?

8. Standardisation & follow-up

Updated procedures / SOP

Training of employees

What can others learn?

Next PDCA cycle (if needed)

Approved by

Date

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A3 problem-solving

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